Figure 2.

Inhibition of the proteasome by bortezomib results in activation of JNK, stabilization of p53, Bid, Bax, p21, p27, caveolin-1, and IκBα, resulting in inhibition of NF-κB. Alteration of the levels of these cellular proteins leads to inhibition of proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of cancer cells.