Primary research

Selective cytotoxicity of Pancratistatin-related natural Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: evaluation of the activity of two new compounds

Carly Griffin^1* , Natasha Sharda¹ , Divya Sood¹ , Jerald Nair^2* , James McNulty^2* and Siyaram Pandey^1*

¹  Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

²  Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

author email corresponding author email* Contributed equally

Cancer Cell International 2007, 7:10doi:10.1186/1475-2867-7-10

Published:	5 June 2007

Abstract

Background

Pancratistatin (PST), a compound extracted from an Amaryllidaceae (AMD) family plant, has been shown to specifically induce apoptosis in cancer cells with no/minimal toxic effect on normal cells. A systematic synthetic approach has indicated that the minimum cytotoxic pharmacophore comprises the trans-fused b/c-ring system containing the 2, 3, 4-triol unit in the C-ring. To further explore the structure-activity relationship of this group of compounds we have investigated the anti-cancer efficacy and specificity of two PST-related natural compounds, AMD4 and AMD5. Both of these compounds lack the polyhydroxylated lycorane element of PST instead having a methoxy-substuituted crinane skeleton.

Results

Our results indicate that AMD5 has efficacy and selectivity similar to PST, albeit at a 10-fold increased concentration. Interestingly AMD4 lacks apoptotic activity.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the phenanthridone skeleton in natural Amaryllidaceae alkaloids may be a significant common element for selectivity against cancer cells; furthermore, the configuration of the methoxy-side groups is responsible for higher binding affinity to the target protein/s thus making for a more efficient anti-cancer agent.